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Competition

Topic Overview

Competition

Gender differences in willingness to compete have been a burgeoning area of academic interest, as competition is central to success in education, business, politics, and leadership. Identifying when and how women and men are most willing (and unwilling) to compete will inform structural designs to maximize gender-equal participation.

Why Women Don’t Run: Experimental Evidence on Gender Differences in Political Competition Aversion

Highlighting the competitive nature of the political process discourages politically active women—but not men—from seeking information on running for office.

Jessica Preece, Olga Stoddard (2015)

Culture, Institutions, and the Gender Gap in Competitive Inclination: Evidence from the Communist Experiment in China

Cultural differences can impact the gender gap in competitiveness, as evidenced by three ethnic groups with differing gender role expectations in China.

Jane Zhang (2018)

Laboratory Evidence on the Effects of Sponsorship on the Competitive Preferences of Men and Women

Formalized workplace sponsorship programs benefit men far more than women, but harnessing the positive impact of sponsors’ confidence in female protégés’ abilities could help close gender gaps.

Nancy Baldiga, Katherine Baldiga Coffman (2018)

Men Too Sometimes Shy Away from Competition: The Case of Team Competition

Men’s high willingness to compete in individual tournaments decreases dramatically in team tournaments, while women are equally willing to compete individually or as part of a team.

Marie-Pierre Dargnies (2012)

Gender and competition in adolescence: task matters

Gender gaps in risk taking and altruism—two differences offered as contributing factors to wage and labor market gender gaps—begin by adolescence, where girls are found to be more altruistic, less risk taking, and equally as competitive as boys, except in the area of math.

Anna Dreber, Emma von Essen, Eva Ranehill (2013)

Gender Differences in Willingness to Guess

In a competitive test-taking environment (like the SAT) with penalties for wrong answers, women are less willing to guess, resulting in a loss of potential points and lower scores compared with male test-takers.

Katherine Baldiga Coffman (2014)

How Costly is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness

Affirmative action improves women’s willingness to compete.

Muriel Niederle, Carmit Segal, Lise Vesterlund (2013)

Gender, Competitiveness and Career Choices

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in competition and this gender gap affects girls’ willingness to choose math intensive tracks in their school and future careers.

Thomas Buser, Muriel Niederle, Hessel Oosterbeek (2012)

Under Pressure: Gender Differences in Output Quality and Quantity under Competition and Time Constraints

Although men outperform women in time-pressured math-based competition, women perform equally well in math-based competition without time constraints.

Olga Shurchkov (2012)

Gender, Competition, and Managerial Decisions

Male managers choose competitive compensation schemes significantly less often for female workers than male workers.

Curtis R Price (2012)

Topic Overview

Competition

Culture, Institutions, and the Gender Gap in Competitive Inclination: Evidence from the Communist Experiment in China

Cultural differences can impact the gender gap in competitiveness, as evidenced by three ethnic groups with differing gender role expectations in China.

Jane Zhang (2018)

Men Too Sometimes Shy Away from Competition: The Case of Team Competition

Men’s high willingness to compete in individual tournaments decreases dramatically in team tournaments, while women are equally willing to compete individually or as part of a team.

Marie-Pierre Dargnies (2012)

Gender Differences in Willingness to Guess

Katherine Baldiga Coffman (2014)

Gender, Competitiveness and Career Choices

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in competition and this gender gap affects girls’ willingness to choose math intensive tracks in their school and future careers.

Thomas Buser, Muriel Niederle, Hessel Oosterbeek (2012)

Gender, Competition, and Managerial Decisions

Male managers choose competitive compensation schemes significantly less often for female workers than male workers.

Curtis R Price (2012)

Why Women Don’t Run: Experimental Evidence on Gender Differences in Political Competition Aversion

Highlighting the competitive nature of the political process discourages politically active women—but not men—from seeking information on running for office.

Jessica Preece, Olga Stoddard (2015)

Laboratory Evidence on the Effects of Sponsorship on the Competitive Preferences of Men and Women

Formalized workplace sponsorship programs benefit men far more than women, but harnessing the positive impact of sponsors’ confidence in female protégés’ abilities could help close gender gaps.

Nancy Baldiga, Katherine Baldiga Coffman (2018)

Gender and competition in adolescence: task matters

Anna Dreber, Emma von Essen, Eva Ranehill (2013)

How Costly is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness

Affirmative action improves women’s willingness to compete.

Muriel Niederle, Carmit Segal, Lise Vesterlund (2013)

Under Pressure: Gender Differences in Output Quality and Quantity under Competition and Time Constraints

Although men outperform women in time-pressured math-based competition, women perform equally well in math-based competition without time constraints.

Olga Shurchkov (2012)

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