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Compensation

Topic Overview

Compensation

In every country in the world, a significant gender wage gap exists and persists. What can policymakers and organizations do to ensure women get fairly compensated for their work? Discover groundbreaking research that lends insight into what causes – and closes – the global gender wage gap.

Who Can Lean In? The Intersecting Role of Race and Gender in Negotiations

In the United States, differences in salary negotiation behavior are shaped by both gender and race. White women, Asian women, and Asian men feared more backlash for being too demanding in negotiations, as compared to White men.

Negin R. Toosi, Shira Mor, Zhaleh Semnani-Azad, Katherine W. Phillips, Emily T. Amanatullah (2019)

Challenge-seeking and the gender wage gap: A lab-in-the-field experiment with cleaning personnel

A greater range of task options can motivate female employees to take on challenges and, as a result, benefit from potential higher earnings.

Frauke von Bieberstein, Stefanie Jaussi, Claudia Vogel (2020)

Crimes Against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work

Criminalizing sex work in low-income settings like Indonesia decreases earnings of the female sex workers and increases the prevalence of STI infections.

Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah (2021)

Can Simple Advice Eliminate the Gender Gap in Willingness to Compete?

Simple advice can be a powerful and effective tool in reducing gender differences in willingness to compete.

Dany Kessel, Johanna Mollerstrom, Roel van Veldhuizen (2019)

Does Gender Matter for Small Business Performance? Experimental Evidence from India

The gender profit gap in micro-enterprises is likely to be driven by gender differences in access to capital and business inputs rather than seller behavior or demand-side constraints.

Solène Delecourt, Odyssia Ng (2019)

Do women want to work more or more regularly? Evidence from a natural experiment

In France, a four-day school week schedule affected mothers’ professional advancement and contributed to the gender wage gap.

Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre (2018)

A Gender Bias in the Attribution of Creativity: Archival and Experimental Evidence for the Perceived Association Between Masculinity and Creative Thinking

Common views of creativity favor stereotypically masculine traits, leading people to perceive women as less creative, and less deserving of recognition and reward.

Devon Proudfoot, Aaron C. Kay, Christy Z. Koval (2015)

Constraints and Triggers: Situational Mechanics of Gender in Negotiation

Gender gaps are more likely to emerge in negotiations when there is a lack of clarity about compensation or price standards.

Hannah Riley Bowles, Linda Babcock, Kathleen McGinn (2005)

The Paradox of Meritocracy in Organizations

Organizations that emphasize merit-based cultures, while intending to increase opportunities, fairness, and equity, may inadvertently be disadvantaging women.

Emilio J. Castilla, Stephan Benard (2010)

Social Incentives for Gender Differences in the Propensity to Initiate Negotiations: Sometimes It Does Hurt to Ask

Women who initiate negotiations in the workplace are more likely to be penalized than their male counterparts.

Hannah Riley Bowles, Linda Babcock, Lei Lai (2007)

Topic Overview

Compensation

Challenge-seeking and the gender wage gap: A lab-in-the-field experiment with cleaning personnel

A greater range of task options can motivate female employees to take on challenges and, as a result, benefit from potential higher earnings.

Frauke von Bieberstein, Stefanie Jaussi, Claudia Vogel (2020)

Can Simple Advice Eliminate the Gender Gap in Willingness to Compete?

Simple advice can be a powerful and effective tool in reducing gender differences in willingness to compete.

Dany Kessel, Johanna Mollerstrom, Roel van Veldhuizen (2019)

Do women want to work more or more regularly? Evidence from a natural experiment

In France, a four-day school week schedule affected mothers’ professional advancement and contributed to the gender wage gap.

Emma Duchini, Clémentine Van Effenterre (2018)

Constraints and Triggers: Situational Mechanics of Gender in Negotiation

Gender gaps are more likely to emerge in negotiations when there is a lack of clarity about compensation or price standards.

Hannah Riley Bowles, Linda Babcock, Kathleen McGinn (2005)

Social Incentives for Gender Differences in the Propensity to Initiate Negotiations: Sometimes It Does Hurt to Ask

Women who initiate negotiations in the workplace are more likely to be penalized than their male counterparts.

Hannah Riley Bowles, Linda Babcock, Lei Lai (2007)

Who Can Lean In? The Intersecting Role of Race and Gender in Negotiations

Negin R. Toosi, Shira Mor, Zhaleh Semnani-Azad, Katherine W. Phillips, Emily T. Amanatullah (2019)

Crimes Against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work

Criminalizing sex work in low-income settings like Indonesia decreases earnings of the female sex workers and increases the prevalence of STI infections.

Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah (2021)

Does Gender Matter for Small Business Performance? Experimental Evidence from India

The gender profit gap in micro-enterprises is likely to be driven by gender differences in access to capital and business inputs rather than seller behavior or demand-side constraints.

Solène Delecourt, Odyssia Ng (2019)

A Gender Bias in the Attribution of Creativity: Archival and Experimental Evidence for the Perceived Association Between Masculinity and Creative Thinking

Common views of creativity favor stereotypically masculine traits, leading people to perceive women as less creative, and less deserving of recognition and reward.

Devon Proudfoot, Aaron C. Kay, Christy Z. Koval (2015)

The Paradox of Meritocracy in Organizations

Organizations that emphasize merit-based cultures, while intending to increase opportunities, fairness, and equity, may inadvertently be disadvantaging women.

Emilio J. Castilla, Stephan Benard (2010)