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Browse 324 studies aiming to close gender gaps.

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Reproductive and Sexual Health

Topic Overview

Reproductive and Sexual Health

Lack of sexual education, access to contraceptives, and autonomy over fertility choices can lead to sexually transmitted infections and early pregnancy. Learn about public policy interventions that prevent the spread of STIs, as well as recommendations on how successful interventions can be improved and implemented in larger populations.

Effects of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education on upper primary school attendance and reproductive health knowledge and attitudes in Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial

While free pad distribution and reproductive health education programs did not impact girl’s school attendance, girls who received menstruation-inclusive reproductive health education experienced increases in positive views of menstruation, knew more about sexual and reproductive health, had more equitable gender norms, and felt more self-confident.

Karen Austrian, Beth Kangwana, Eunice Muthengi, Erica Soler-Hampejsek (2021)

New Evidence on the Eﬀects of Mandatory Waiting Periods for Abortion

In Tennessee, mandatory waiting periods resulted in higher second-trimester abortions and overall reduction in abortion rates.

Jason M. Lindo, Mayra Pineda-Torres (2021)

Effectiveness of peer-led education interventions on contraceptive use, unmet need, and demand among adolescent girls in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. A cluster randomized controlled trial

Peer-led sex education significantly boosts contraceptive use and demand while reducing unmet contraceptive needs among Ethiopian adolescent girls.

Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene, Gurmesa Tura Debelew, Zewdie Birhanu Koricha (2023)

Girl Empower – A gender transformative mentoring and cash transfer intervention to promote adolescent wellbeing: Impact findings from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Liberia

The Girl Empower intervention in Liberia, with a conditional cash transfer component, led to improvements in the sexual and reproductive health, gender attitudes, and life skills of 13 to 14-year-old adolescent girls, but did not improve sexual violence, schooling, psychosocial wellbeing, and protective factors outcomes.

Berk Özler, Kelly Hallman, Marie-France Guimond, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Marian Rogers, Esther Karnley (2020)

Defending the Sex/Gender Binary: The Role of Gender Identification and Need for Closure

In the United Kingdom and Sweden, psychological factors including gender identification and need for closure are associated with binary gender/sex views, prejudice toward non-binary people, and opposition to gender-neutral pronouns.

Thekla Morgenroth, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Anna Lindqvist, Emma Aurora Renström, Michelle Kim Ryan, Thomas Morton (2021)

Crimes Against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work

Criminalizing sex work in low-income settings like Indonesia decreases earnings of the female sex workers and increases the prevalence of STI infections.

Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah (2021)

Girls’ education and HIV risk: Evidence from Uganda

Girls’ enrollment in secondary education significantly increased girls’ likelihood of abstaining from sex, and thereby decreased the prevalence of HIV/AIDS for girls in Uganda.

Marcella M. Alsan, David M. Cutler (2013)

Seeds of Prevention: The Impact on Health Behaviors of Young Adolescent Girls in Uttar Pradesh, India, a Cluster Randomized Control Trial

An integrated, school-based intervention among girls in early adolescence led to healthier behaviors in nutrition, hygiene, reproductive health, and use of health services.

Nandita Kapadia-Kundu, Douglas Storey, Basil Safi, Geetali Trivedi, Rama Tupe, G. Narayana (2014)

Findings from the SASA! Study: a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda

A community mobilization intervention piloted in Uganda significantly reduced social acceptance of gender inequality and intimate partner violence (IPV), as well as actual experience of IPV and risky sexual behavior.

Tanya Abramsky, Karen Devries, Ligia Kiss, Janet Nakuti, Nambusi Kyegombe, Elizabeth Starmann, Bonnie Cundill, Leilani Francisco, Dan Kaye, Tina Musuya, Lori Michau, Charlotte Watts (2014)

Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Lowering the barriers to education by providing free school uniforms lowered girls’ and boys’ dropout rates, reduced teen pregnancy within marriage, and decreased teen marriage rates.

Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, Michael Kremer (2015)

Topic Overview

Reproductive and Sexual Health

New Evidence on the Eﬀects of Mandatory Waiting Periods for Abortion

In Tennessee, mandatory waiting periods resulted in higher second-trimester abortions and overall reduction in abortion rates.

Jason M. Lindo, Mayra Pineda-Torres (2021)

Girl Empower – A gender transformative mentoring and cash transfer intervention to promote adolescent wellbeing: Impact findings from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Liberia

Berk Özler, Kelly Hallman, Marie-France Guimond, Elizabeth A. Kelvin, Marian Rogers, Esther Karnley (2020)

Crimes Against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work

Criminalizing sex work in low-income settings like Indonesia decreases earnings of the female sex workers and increases the prevalence of STI infections.

Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah (2021)

Seeds of Prevention: The Impact on Health Behaviors of Young Adolescent Girls in Uttar Pradesh, India, a Cluster Randomized Control Trial

An integrated, school-based intervention among girls in early adolescence led to healthier behaviors in nutrition, hygiene, reproductive health, and use of health services.

Nandita Kapadia-Kundu, Douglas Storey, Basil Safi, Geetali Trivedi, Rama Tupe, G. Narayana (2014)

Education, HIV, and Early Fertility: Experimental Evidence from Kenya

Lowering the barriers to education by providing free school uniforms lowered girls’ and boys’ dropout rates, reduced teen pregnancy within marriage, and decreased teen marriage rates.

Esther Duflo, Pascaline Dupas, Michael Kremer (2015)

Effects of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education on upper primary school attendance and reproductive health knowledge and attitudes in Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial

Karen Austrian, Beth Kangwana, Eunice Muthengi, Erica Soler-Hampejsek (2021)

Effectiveness of peer-led education interventions on contraceptive use, unmet need, and demand among adolescent girls in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia. A cluster randomized controlled trial

Peer-led sex education significantly boosts contraceptive use and demand while reducing unmet contraceptive needs among Ethiopian adolescent girls.

Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene, Gurmesa Tura Debelew, Zewdie Birhanu Koricha (2023)

Defending the Sex/Gender Binary: The Role of Gender Identification and Need for Closure

Thekla Morgenroth, Marie Gustafsson Sendén, Anna Lindqvist, Emma Aurora Renström, Michelle Kim Ryan, Thomas Morton (2021)

Girls’ education and HIV risk: Evidence from Uganda

Girls’ enrollment in secondary education significantly increased girls’ likelihood of abstaining from sex, and thereby decreased the prevalence of HIV/AIDS for girls in Uganda.

Marcella M. Alsan, David M. Cutler (2013)

Findings from the SASA! Study: a cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda

Tanya Abramsky, Karen Devries, Ligia Kiss, Janet Nakuti, Nambusi Kyegombe, Elizabeth Starmann, Bonnie Cundill, Leilani Francisco, Dan Kaye, Tina Musuya, Lori Michau, Charlotte Watts (2014)