Affirmative action improves women’s willingness to compete.

Boys are more likely than girls to engage in competition and this gender gap affects girls’ willingness to choose math intensive tracks in their school and future careers.

Mandated political representation for women results in a large increase in reporting for crimes against women and minorities.

Women show a significantly lower propensity to initiate negotiations for higher compensation than men, which is amplified when their negotiation counterpart is female.

Science professors of both genders exhibited an unconscious bias against female students, perceiving them to be less competent than male students.

Although men outperform women in time-pressured math-based competition, women perform equally well in math-based competition without time constraints.

Introduction of village-based schools closer to children increases enrolment and achievement, especially for girls.

Improvements in women’s employment opportunities lead to delayed marriage, reduced fertility and increased human capital investment.

Decrease gender bias in hiring and promotion decisions by evaluating candidates in groups, rather than one by one.

Seeing is believing: Female leaders’ presence narrows the gender gap in girls’ aspirations and advancement in education.