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Political Representation

Topic Overview

Political Representation

Women make up more than half the world’s population, yet are severely, and almost universally, underrepresented in elected office as a result of financial, social, and legal barriers. Discover interventions to close the gender gap in politics and leverage women’s skills for the public good.

Using the Qur’an to Empower Arab Women? Theory and Experimental Evidence From Egypt

Egyptian men and women respond more favorably to an argument for women’s political leadership that draws on the Qur’ān than to an argument based on scientific studies.

Tarek Masoud, Amaney Jamal, Elizabeth Nugent (2016)

Empowering Women through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan

Mandating female participation in local governance increases female mobility and involvement in village councils, but does not affect overall perceptions of the role of women in society.

Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia, Ruben Enikolopov (2013)

Do Electoral Quotas Work after They Are Withdrawn? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India

Quotas have continuing positive effects on women’s political representation at least one cycle after they are withdrawn.

Rikhil Bhavnani (2009)

Path-Breakers: How Does Women’s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success?

Women’s electoral success leads to an increase in female candidacy in subsequent elections.

Sonia Bhalotra, Irma Clots-Figueras, Lakshmi Iyer (2013)

The Power of Political Voice: Women’s Political Representation and Crime in India

Mandated political representation for women results in a large increase in reporting for crimes against women and minorities.

Lakshmi Iyer, Anandi Mani, Prachi Mishra, Petia Topalova (2012)

Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India

Seeing is believing: Female leaders’ presence narrows the gender gap in girls’ aspirations and advancement in education.

Lori Beaman, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, Petia Topalova (2012)

Who Takes the Floor and Why: Gender, Power, and Volubility in Organizations

Being in a position of power in a group increases the volubility of men, but not the volubility of women.

Victoria L Brescoll (2012)

Hard Won and Easily Lost: The Fragile Status of Leaders in Gender-Stereotype-Incongruent Occupations

Men who are employed in jobs that are strongly associated with women, and vice versa, are more strongly penalized for making mistakes than those in positions associated with their own gender.

Victoria L Brescoll, Erica Dawson, Eric Luis Uhlmann (2010)

The Gender of Caste: Identity, Political Reservations and Access to Water Resources in Rural India

A village councilor’s caste was more salient than their gender in their decisions to determine access to water for low caste communities.

Pinar Keskin (2010)

The Price of Power: Power Seeking and Backlash Against Female Politicians

When female politicians are perceived to be power-seeking, voters react negatively with feelings of moral outrage.

Tyler G. Okimoto, Victoria L Brescoll (2010)

Topic Overview

Political Representation

Empowering Women through Development Aid: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan

Mandating female participation in local governance increases female mobility and involvement in village councils, but does not affect overall perceptions of the role of women in society.

Andrew Beath, Fotini Christia, Ruben Enikolopov (2013)

Path-Breakers: How Does Women’s Political Participation Respond to Electoral Success?

Women’s electoral success leads to an increase in female candidacy in subsequent elections.

Sonia Bhalotra, Irma Clots-Figueras, Lakshmi Iyer (2013)

Female Leadership Raises Aspirations and Educational Attainment for Girls: A Policy Experiment in India

Seeing is believing: Female leaders’ presence narrows the gender gap in girls’ aspirations and advancement in education.

Lori Beaman, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande, Petia Topalova (2012)

Hard Won and Easily Lost: The Fragile Status of Leaders in Gender-Stereotype-Incongruent Occupations

Men who are employed in jobs that are strongly associated with women, and vice versa, are more strongly penalized for making mistakes than those in positions associated with their own gender.

Victoria L Brescoll, Erica Dawson, Eric Luis Uhlmann (2010)

The Price of Power: Power Seeking and Backlash Against Female Politicians

When female politicians are perceived to be power-seeking, voters react negatively with feelings of moral outrage.

Tyler G. Okimoto, Victoria L Brescoll (2010)

Using the Qur’an to Empower Arab Women? Theory and Experimental Evidence From Egypt

Egyptian men and women respond more favorably to an argument for women’s political leadership that draws on the Qur’ān than to an argument based on scientific studies.

Tarek Masoud, Amaney Jamal, Elizabeth Nugent (2016)

Do Electoral Quotas Work after They Are Withdrawn? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in India

Quotas have continuing positive effects on women’s political representation at least one cycle after they are withdrawn.

Rikhil Bhavnani (2009)

The Power of Political Voice: Women’s Political Representation and Crime in India

Mandated political representation for women results in a large increase in reporting for crimes against women and minorities.

Lakshmi Iyer, Anandi Mani, Prachi Mishra, Petia Topalova (2012)

Who Takes the Floor and Why: Gender, Power, and Volubility in Organizations

Being in a position of power in a group increases the volubility of men, but not the volubility of women.

Victoria L Brescoll (2012)

The Gender of Caste: Identity, Political Reservations and Access to Water Resources in Rural India

A village councilor’s caste was more salient than their gender in their decisions to determine access to water for low caste communities.

Pinar Keskin (2010)

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