Switching from a plurality to a proportional representation system increases equality in electoral participation along one central dimension: gender.

Supply-side factors, such as the heavy burden of family duties and societal expectations, are the primary factors that discourage women from running for public office, leading to low representation of women in politics in Japan. Demand-side factors, such as voters' opinions of female candidates, were not significant determinants of this issue. 

In the U.S., female candidates are no more likely to quit politics after suffering an electoral loss than their male counterparts.

There is weak evidence suggesting that young women in communities with a female quota changed their gender biases surrounding women's participation in politics.

Quotas that force political parties to increase the number of female candidates have a neutral or beneficial effect on the parties' electability.

Female elected officials are particularly responsive to female constituents, suggesting a greater number of women in office would lead to higher quality representation for women.

Framing the Black Lives Matter movement through Black nationalist, feminist, or LGBTQ+ rights lenses produces varied effects on African Americans' attitudes about the movement and willingness to support it.

For Black voters, skin tone and hairstyle may play important, interactive roles in their responses to Black women candidates.

In Malawi, female traditional leaders are more effective in bolstering support for child marriage reforms than their state or male counterparts.

People speaking genderless languages, (i.e. languages without references to objects as male or female), may exhibit more egalitarian views about women's roles in politics and society.