Gender does not significantly influence willingness to mentor within politics, but ethnicity may.

A civic education course successfully improved political knowledge among women in Mali, but had a negative impact on their civic participation.

Women may be encouraged to run for office when structural rather than personal challenges are emphasized to explain the gender gap, but effects vary by race and ethnicity.

Women and men are equally likely to volunteer as group representatives when chosen randomly, but women are less likely than men to run in an election.

For women in rural China, training on voting rights and responsibilities increased their participation in village elections.

Women’s perceptions of the tasks and goals associated with a political career impact their level of political ambition.

Public attitudes toward transgender issues, such as bathroom access, can change depending on how the issues are framed.

Highlighting the competitive nature of the political process discourages politically active women—but not men—from seeking information on running for office.

Egyptian men and women respond more favorably to an argument for women’s political leadership that draws on the Qur’ān than to an argument based on scientific studies.

Gender-based political quotas in Lesotho diminish the perceived power of traditional leaders, which in turn challenges patrilineal political systems that have previously kept women from holding political office.