In venture capital (VC) competitions, exposure to more VC judges increases male, but not female, participants’ chances of founding a VC-backed startup. This is in part due to male participants' increased likelihood of proactively reaching out to judges after the competition.

The gender gap in self-promotion persists even when incentives to self-promote are removed and information about other people's average level of self-promotion is provided.

Simple advice can be a powerful and effective tool in reducing gender differences in willingness to compete.

Innovative research by women is underfunded because of gender differences in writing style.

Start-up funders tend to ask men about how they will promote success and women about how they will prevent failure, contributing to the gender gap in funding allocation.  Replying to prevention-focused questions with promotion-focused answers can help founders counter biased motivational questions.

Being in a job that underutilizes a person's skills is as damaging to a person's work history as a year of unemployment, and men are penalized for having part-time employment histories while women are not.

Women were more likely to compete than men in this study from the UAE.

In an online video game, lower-skilled male players are more hostile towards female players due to a female threat in a male-dominated social hierarchy.

Showing the number of current applicants for a job posting increases the likelihood that job seekers—especially women—will apply.

Though women are less willing than men to compete against others, they are equally willing to compete against their own past achievements, with similar boosts to performance.