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STEM

Topic Overview

STEM

Despite the fact that girls and boys perform equally well in STEM subjects in the classroom, fewer women pursue STEM degrees and enter STEM-related careers. Learn more about interventions that combat this gender gap, ranging from mentorship programs to organizational and institutional policy changes.

Ethnic Variation in Gender-STEM Stereotypes and STEM Participation: An Intersectional Approach

Despite being an underrepresented group in STEM professions, Black women are relatively less likely than white women to associate STEM with masculinity, and more likely to begin STEM studies in college.

Laurie T. O'Brien, Alison Blodorn, Glenn Adams, Donna M. Garcia, Elliot Hammer (2015)

The Negative Consequences of Threat: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Neural Mechanisms Underlying Women’s Underperformance in Math

When women are confronted with negative stereotypes about women and math ability, they underperform on math examinations, and activity in brain regions associated with depression and social rejection is seen.

Anne C. Krendl, Jennifer A. Richeson, William M. Kelle, Todd F. Heatherton (2008)

My Fair Physicist? Feminine Math and Science Role Models Demotivate Young Girls

When STEM role models defy multiple stereotypes, their achievements appear unattainable to middle-school girls, who lose interest in STEM.

Diana E. Betz, Denise Sekaquaptewa (2012)

The Effectiveness of a One-year Online Mentoring Program for Girls in STEM

An online mentoring program in Germany supports girls’ development in STEM, with greater reach and similarly positive results when compared to traditional in-person mentoring.

Heidrun Stoeger, Xiaoju Duan, Sigrun Schirner, Teresa Greindl, Albert Ziegler (2013)

When Trying Hard Isn’t Natural: Women’s Belonging with and Motivation for Male-Dominated STEM Fields as a Function of Effort Expenditure Concerns

Recognizing that effort is normal and necessary for success, rather than emphasizing the importance of “natural talent”, can increase women’s sense of belonging and motivation to continue in male-dominated STEM fields.

Jessi L. Smith, Karyn L. Lewis, Lauren Hawthorne, Sara D. Hodges (2013)

Effects of an Online Personal Resilience Training Program for Women in STEM Doctoral Programs

An online training program helps women develop the resilience, confidence, and problem-solving skills to persist in their pursuit of PhDs in STEM.

Jennifer M Bekki, Mary Lee Smith, Bianca L Bernstein, Caroline Harrison (2013)

Quality of Evidence Revealing Subtle Gender Biases in Science Is in the Eye of the Beholder

When presented with evidence of how gender bias disadvantages women in STEM fields, men evaluate this research more negatively than women.

Ian M. Handley, Elizabeth R. Brown, Corinne A Moss-Racusin, Jessi L. Smith (2015)

National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track

Male and female faculty revealed a 2:1 preference for hiring women across both math-intensive and non-math-intensive fields, with the single exception of male economists, who showed no gender preference.

Wendy M. Williams, Stephen J. Ceci (2015)

A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females Are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males

Stereotype threat affects women, but not men, resulting in their underperformance on counter-stereotypical tasks like math.

Michael Inzlicht, Avi Ben-Zeev (2000)

STEMing the Tide: Using Ingroup Experts to Inoculate Women's Self-Concept in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Observing and interacting with female experts in STEM fields improved female students’ attitudes towards those fields and increased their interest in pursuing STEM careers.

Jane G. Stout, Nilanjana Dasgupta, Matthew Hunsinger, Melissa A. McManus (2011)

Topic Overview

STEM

The Negative Consequences of Threat: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of the Neural Mechanisms Underlying Women’s Underperformance in Math

Anne C. Krendl, Jennifer A. Richeson, William M. Kelle, Todd F. Heatherton (2008)

The Effectiveness of a One-year Online Mentoring Program for Girls in STEM

An online mentoring program in Germany supports girls’ development in STEM, with greater reach and similarly positive results when compared to traditional in-person mentoring.

Heidrun Stoeger, Xiaoju Duan, Sigrun Schirner, Teresa Greindl, Albert Ziegler (2013)

Effects of an Online Personal Resilience Training Program for Women in STEM Doctoral Programs

An online training program helps women develop the resilience, confidence, and problem-solving skills to persist in their pursuit of PhDs in STEM.

Jennifer M Bekki, Mary Lee Smith, Bianca L Bernstein, Caroline Harrison (2013)

National hiring experiments reveal 2:1 faculty preference for women on STEM tenure track

Wendy M. Williams, Stephen J. Ceci (2015)

STEMing the Tide: Using Ingroup Experts to Inoculate Women's Self-Concept in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Observing and interacting with female experts in STEM fields improved female students’ attitudes towards those fields and increased their interest in pursuing STEM careers.

Jane G. Stout, Nilanjana Dasgupta, Matthew Hunsinger, Melissa A. McManus (2011)

Ethnic Variation in Gender-STEM Stereotypes and STEM Participation: An Intersectional Approach

Laurie T. O'Brien, Alison Blodorn, Glenn Adams, Donna M. Garcia, Elliot Hammer (2015)

My Fair Physicist? Feminine Math and Science Role Models Demotivate Young Girls

When STEM role models defy multiple stereotypes, their achievements appear unattainable to middle-school girls, who lose interest in STEM.

Diana E. Betz, Denise Sekaquaptewa (2012)

When Trying Hard Isn’t Natural: Women’s Belonging with and Motivation for Male-Dominated STEM Fields as a Function of Effort Expenditure Concerns

Jessi L. Smith, Karyn L. Lewis, Lauren Hawthorne, Sara D. Hodges (2013)

Quality of Evidence Revealing Subtle Gender Biases in Science Is in the Eye of the Beholder

When presented with evidence of how gender bias disadvantages women in STEM fields, men evaluate this research more negatively than women.

Ian M. Handley, Elizabeth R. Brown, Corinne A Moss-Racusin, Jessi L. Smith (2015)

A Threatening Intellectual Environment: Why Females Are Susceptible to Experiencing Problem-Solving Deficits in the Presence of Males

Stereotype threat affects women, but not men, resulting in their underperformance on counter-stereotypical tasks like math.

Michael Inzlicht, Avi Ben-Zeev (2000)